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Introduction The astonishing diversity of fauna and flora and the yet immeasurable dimension of the land has having the greatest biological diversity in the world (20% of the planet’s species). Nowadays such biodiversity is recognized as an important source of natural substances derived from animals, plants and microorganisms of interest in toxinology, medicine and biotechnology. The toxicology studies in brazilian fauna and flora developed specially during the 19th and 20th centuries. The first studies were based on snake venoms and in the curare, a plant mixture used by indigenous people in their arrows.